Interstitial Cystitis
Interstitial cystitis is a condition affecting the bladder that is caused by inflammation.
Both men and women can be affected, but approximately 90 percent of the time, women develop the condition.
- It is unknown why women are more often affected.
- The usual age of onset is 20 to 50 years.
Causes
The exact cause of interstitial cystitis is not known
Multiple biological factors may contribute to the condition
Bladder lining abnormalities may play a role
It is not known what causes this condition. However, it is thought that multiple factors might play a role. For example, the lining that protects the bladder may have a defect that allows some of urine’s toxic substances to cause irritation. While unproven, it is theorized that heredity, an allergy, an autoimmune reaction, or an infection might contribute.
Symptoms
Symptoms of interstitial cystitis can vary and may change over time. In some cases, certain activities or conditions may trigger symptom flare-ups.
1
Triggers might include prolonged sitting, exercise, menstruation, stress, and sexual activity.
2
Pelvic pain may occur and may vary in intensity between patients. It can occur between the anus and vagina or between the anus and scrotum.
3
Chronic pelvic pain may develop over time. Painful intercourse may occur in some patients.
4
Patients may experience an urgent and persistent need to urinate. Frequent urination may occur throughout the day or night. Discomfort as the bladder fills is common and is generally alleviated after urination.
Treatment Options
Bladder distension may be performed to stretch the bladder walls using fluid or gas
This procedure may improve bladder capacity or interrupt pain signals sent by nerves
Symptoms may temporarily worsen for several weeks following bladder distension
Bladder infection or blood in the urine are possible considerations
Dietary Changes
There are several treatment options that may be explored for interstitial cystitis. Patients may require a combination of methods to get the most relief. Dietary changes are often recommended first, with the goal of eliminating foods that may irritate the bladder and worsen symptoms.
Coffee
Carbonated beverages
Artificial sweeteners
Vinegar
Spicy foods
Cranberry juice
Alcohol
Monosodium glutamate
Tomatoes
Citrus
Chocolate
Medications and Bladder Therapies
1
Bladder Instillation
Bladder instillation involves introducing a liquid medicine into the bladder through a catheter. Dimethyl sulfoxide is usually tried first. The medication is held in the bladder for up to 15 minutes before the patient urinates to remove the liquid.
2
Oral Medications
Pentosan polysulfate may be prescribed to protect the bladder lining from toxic substances in urine. Hydroxyzine may also be used to reduce histamine production in the bladder wall.
3
Pain and Symptom Management
Doctors may prescribe amitriptyline to reduce bladder spasms and block pain. A thorough overview of the patient’s condition, symptoms, and medical history is necessary to determine candidacy for all treatment options.